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8:51 PM   February 03, 2012
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Differential Diagnosis of Hypercalcemia

By Phil Zeltzman, DVM, Dipl. ACVS

Hypercalcemia is defined as a total serum calcium concentration greater than 11 mg/dl in the cat and 12 mg/dl in the dog. Hypercalcemia can have many etiologies. It is important to be very thorough when investigating the cause.

Differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia includes:

  • Lymphoma
  • Anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Lymphocytic leukemia
  • Various carcinomas
  • Metastatic bone tumors
  • Addison’s disease
  • Primary hyperparathyroidism
  • Acute or chronic renal failure
  • Granulomatous diseases
  • Vitamin D toxicosis
  • Osteomyelitis (bacterial or fungal)
  • Juvenile patient
  • Sampling error (lipemia, hemolysis)
  • Lab error

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Differential Diagnosis of Hypercalcemia

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