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Differential Diagnosis of Hypercalcemia
By Phil Zeltzman, DVM, Dipl. ACVS
 Hypercalcemia is defined as a total serum calcium concentration greater than 11 mg/dl in the cat and 12 mg/dl in the dog. Hypercalcemia can have many etiologies. It is important to be very thorough when investigating the cause.
Differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia includes:
- Lymphoma
- Anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma
- Multiple myeloma
- Lymphocytic leukemia
- Various carcinomas
- Metastatic bone tumors
- Addison’s disease
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Acute or chronic renal failure
- Granulomatous diseases
- Vitamin D toxicosis
- Osteomyelitis (bacterial or fungal)
- Juvenile patient
- Sampling error (lipemia, hemolysis)
- Lab error
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Differential Diagnosis of Hypercalcemia
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