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Natural vs. Synthetic Vitamins Footnotes

October 2009 Footnotes

By Narda G. Robinson, DO, DVM, MS, FAAMA

1. Barrett S and Herbert V.  Twenty-five ways to spot quacks and vitamin pushers.  Obtained here on 081809.

2. Polizopoulou ZS, Kazakos G, Patsikas MN, et al.  Case report.  Hypervitaminosis A in the cat:  a case report and review of the literature.  Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery.  2005;7:363-368.

3. Van het Hof KH, Gartner C, Wiersma A, et al.  Comparison of the bioavailability of natural palm oil carotenoids and synthetic β-carotene in humans.  J Agric Food Chem.  1999;47:1582-1586.

4. Van het Hof KH, West CE, Weststrate JA et al.  Dietary factors that affect the bioavailability of carotenoids.  Journal of Nutrition.  2000;130:503-506.

5. Van het Hof KH, West CE, Weststrate JA et al.  Dietary factors that affect the bioavailability of carotenoids.  Journal of Nutrition.  2000;130:503-506.

6. Brown MJ, Ferruzzi MG, Nguyen ML, et al.  Carotenoid bioavailability is higher from salads ingested with full-fat than with fat-reduced salad dressings as measured with electrochemical detection.  Am J Clin Nutr.  2004;80:396-403.

7. Mathers JC.  Folate intake and bowel cancer risk.  Genes Nutr.  2009, June 5.  [Epub ahead of print].

8. Mason JB.  Folate, cancer risk, and the Greek god, Proteus:  a tale of two chameleons.  Nutrition Reviews.  2009;67(4):206-212.

9. Zicker SC, Wedekind, KJ, and Jewell DE.  Antioxidants in veterinary nutrition.  Vet Clin Small Anim.  2006;36:1183-1198.

10. Zicker SC, Wedekind, KJ, and Jewell DE.  Antioxidants in veterinary nutrition.  Vet Clin Small Anim.  2006;36:1183-1198.

11. Hesta M, Ottermans C, Krammer-Lukas S, et al.  The effect of vitamin C supplementation in healthy dogs on antioxidative capacity and immune parameters. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition.  2009;93(1):26-34.

12. Winter JL, Barber LG, Freeman L, et al.  Antioxidant status and biomarkers of oxidative stress in dogs with lymphoma.  J Vet Intern Med.  2009;23:311-316.

13. Polizopoulou ZS, Koutinas AF, Patsikas MN, et al.  Evaluation of a proposed therapeutic protocol in 12 dogs with tentative degenerative myelopathy.  Acta Veterinaria Hungarica.  2008;56(3):293-301.

14. How KL, Hazewinkel HAW, and Mol JA.  Dietary vitamin D dependence of cat and dog due to inadequate cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D.  General and Comparative Endocrinology.  1994;96:12-18.

15. How KL, Hazewinkel HAW, and Mol JA.  Dietary vitamin D dependence of cat and dog due to inadequate cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D.  General and Comparative Endocrinology.  1994;96:12-18.

16. De Fornel-Thibaud P, Blanchard G, Escoffier-Chateau L, et al.  Unusual case of osteopenia associated with nutritional calcium and vitamin D deficiency in an adult dog.  J Am Anim Hosp Assoc.  2007;43(1):52-60.

17. Taylor MB, Geiger DA, Saker KE, et al.  Diffuse osteopenia and myelopathy in a puppy fed a diet composed of an organic premix and raw ground beef.  J Am Vet Med Assoc.  2009;234(8):1041-1048.

18. Janutta V and Distl O.  Review on canine elbow dysplasia:  pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevalence and genetic aspects.  Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr.  2008;115(5):172-181.

19. Yu W, Jia L, Wang P, et al.  In vitro and in vivo evaluation of anticancer actions of natural and synthetic vitamin E forms.  Mol Nutr Food Res.  2008;52:447-456.

20. Blatt DH, Pryor WA, Mata JE, et al.  Re-evaluation of the relative potency of synthetic and natural α-tocopherol:  experimental and clinical observations.  Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry.  2004;15:380-395.

21. Weiss WP, Hogan JS, and Wyatt DJ.  Relative bioavailability of all-rac and RRR vitamin E based on neutrophil function and total α-tocopherol and isomer concentrations in periparturient dairy cows and their calves.  J Dairy Sci.  2009;92:720-731.

22. Lauridsen C, Engel H, Jensen SK, et al.  Lactating sows and suckling piglets preferentially incorporate RRR- over All-rac-α-tocopherol into milk, plasma and tissues.  J Nutr.  2002;132:1258-1264.

23. Sen CK, Khanna S, and Roy S.  Tocotrienols in health and disease:  The other half of the natural vitamin E family.  Molecular Aspects of Medicine.  2007;28-692-728.

24. Sen CK, Khanna S, and Roy S.  Tocotrienols in health and disease:  The other half of the natural vitamin E family.  Molecular Aspects of Medicine.  2007;28-692-728.

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