Managing pain in zoological companion animalsJanuary 2, 2019Zoological companion animals (ZCAs) are presenting to veterinary practices more and more frequently, and many will need some kind of pain management as part of their treatment plan. It can be challenging to know what type of medication to use and at what dose—whether it be in the clinic or at home for longer-term care—and there is a lot of information available that isn’t the easiest to interpret. This article reviews some common types and dosages of pain medications used to provide analgesia to birds, reptiles, and exotic companion mammals.
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